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{"id":948,"date":"2019-08-21T12:16:10","date_gmt":"2019-08-21T12:16:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gestetner.hu\/?p=948"},"modified":"2019-10-29T19:11:21","modified_gmt":"2019-10-29T19:11:21","slug":"gestetner-david-a-stencilgep-feltalaloja","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gestetner.hu\/gestetner-david-a-stencilgep-feltalaloja\/","title":{"rendered":"Gestetner D\u00e1vid, a stencilg\u00e9p feltal\u00e1l\u00f3ja"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
A csornai Pr\u00e9postszer\n1784-ben kelt ad\u00f3\u00f6ssze\u00edr\u00e1s\u00e1ban eml\u00edtik Salamon \u00c1brah\u00e1mot, akit 1788-ban m\u00e1r\nLeopoldus Gestettner vid. Salamon n\u00e9ven lajstromoztak. \u0150 az egyik legkor\u00e1bban\nCsorn\u00e1ra telepedett izraelita csal\u00e1dnak az els\u0151 ismert \u0151se.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
A XIX. sz\u00e1zad els\u0151\nharmad\u00e1ig bez\u00e1r\u00f3an Csorn\u00e1n k\u00e9t zsid\u00f3 csal\u00e1d \u2013 a Berger \u00e9s a Gestetner \u00e9lt \u2013\nh\u00e1zn\u00e9p\u00fck l\u00e9tsz\u00e1ma 24-28 f\u0151 k\u00f6z\u00f6tt v\u00e1ltozott. A k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9g elterjed\u00e9s\u00e9t az 1840.\n\u00e9vi XXIX. tc. hat\u00e1s\u00e1nak tekinthetj\u00fck, ekkor ismert\u00e9k el a zsid\u00f3s\u00e1got az orsz\u00e1g\nt\u00f6rv\u00e9nyes lakosainak. A t\u00e1rsadalmi szervez\u0151d\u00e9s lend\u00fclet\u00e9t a Bach-korszakban\nfelismert hi\u00e1nyoss\u00e1g rendeleti orvosl\u00e1sa gyors\u00edtotta fel, 1850-t\u0151l elrendelt\u00e9k\na zsid\u00f3 anyak\u00f6nyvez\u00e9st. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
A XIX. sz\u00e1zad k\u00f6zepe a\nGestetner csal\u00e1d sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra is fellend\u00fcl\u00e9st jelentett, a csal\u00e1d m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s\u00e9t\nGy\u00f6ngy\u00f6sy P\u00e1l premontrei pr\u00e9post oklev\u00e9lben ismerte el, majd a csal\u00e1df\u0151, S\u00e1muel\naz 1853-ban megalakul\u00f3 zsid\u00f3 hitk\u00f6zs\u00e9g els\u0151 eln\u00f6ke lett.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1854. m\u00e1rcius 20-\u00e1n egy\ntekint\u00e9lyes, sz\u00e9les k\u00f6rben elismert keresked\u0151 csal\u00e1dban sz\u00fcletett Gestetner\nD\u00e1vid. Elemi iskol\u00e1i elv\u00e9gz\u00e9se ut\u00e1n nagyb\u00e1tyja m\u00e1sz\u00e1ros\u00fczlet\u00e9ben lett inas, de\nm\u00e1s \u00e9letp\u00e1ly\u00e1t k\u00e9pzelt mag\u00e1nak: \u00faj haz\u00e1t, \u00faj c\u00e9lokat.<\/p>\n\n\n\nGestetner D\u00e1vid sz\u00fcl\u0151h\u00e1za<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
Kalandv\u00e1gya Amerik\u00e1ba\nvitte, ott utcai \u00e1rusk\u00e9nt \u00e9lt. T\u00f6bbek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt legyez\u0151ket is \u00e1rult, melyekb\u0151l\negyet v\u00e9letlen\u00fcl elt\u00f6rt. K\u00edv\u00e1ncsian vizsg\u00e1lva a roncsot, meg\u00e9rtette, mi\u00e9rt\nteszi a finom, hossz\u00fa sz\u00e1l\u00fa n\u00f6v\u00e9nyi rost a keleti selymet er\u0151ss\u00e9. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Eur\u00f3p\u00e1ba visszat\u00e9rve\nB\u00e9csben t\u0151zsdei \u00edrnok lett, a kimutat\u00e1sok m\u00e1sol\u00e1s\u00e1t azonban l\u00e9lek\u00f6l\u0151nek\ntartotta. 1880-ban a probl\u00e9ma megold\u00e1s\u00e1ra szabadalmaztatta \u201ekerekes toll\u00e1t\u201d, a\ncyclostyle pen-t. A gyors elismer\u00e9st k\u00f6vet\u0151en 1881-ben \u00e1ttelep\u00fclt Londonba, s a\nCross Streeten megalap\u00edtotta els\u0151 kis \u00fczem\u00e9t. A stencilez\u00e9s g\u00e9pes\u00edt\u00e9se forradalmas\u00edtotta\na sokszoros\u00edt\u00e1si elj\u00e1r\u00e1sokat. K\u00e9t, mechanikusan hajtott dobhengeren forg\u00f3,\nalulr\u00f3l fest\u00e9kezett anyagra ker\u00fclt a m\u00e1solat, amihez a nyom\u00f3forma fest\u00e9kszalag\nn\u00e9lk\u00fcli \u00edr\u00f3g\u00e9p kistancolt bet\u0171ivel k\u00e9sz\u00fclt. Elj\u00e1r\u00e1s\u00e1nak kulcseleme volt, hogy a\nm\u00e1sok \u00e1ltal is k\u00eds\u00e9rletezett stencilpap\u00edr helyett \u0151 a \u201ejap\u00e1n\u201d pap\u00edrt haszn\u00e1lta,\namely \u2013 az amerikai legyez\u0151h\u00f6z hasonl\u00f3an \u2013 finom, hossz\u00fasz\u00e1l\u00fa n\u00f6v\u00e9nyi rostokb\u00f3l\nk\u00e9sz\u00fclt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1906-ban Tottenhamben\n\u00fajabb \u00fczemet hozott l\u00e9tre, majd nemzetk\u00f6zi fi\u00f3kh\u00e1l\u00f3zat ki\u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9be kezdett. Gy\u00e1rai\nk\u00f6zel 6000 embert foglalkoztattak. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
1929-ben Raymond Loewy\nformatervez\u0151 kagyl\u00f3 alak\u00fa g\u00e9pet tervezett k\u00e9r\u00e9s\u00e9re a \u201esz\u00e9ps\u00e9g, funkci\u00f3 \u00e9s\negyszer\u0171s\u00e9g\u201d jegy\u00e9ben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Gestetner D\u00e1vid 1939.\nm\u00e1rcius 18-\u00e1n hunyt el Franciaorsz\u00e1gban, Nizz\u00e1ban. C\u00e9g\u00e9nek vezet\u00e9s\u00e9t 1897-ben\nsz\u00fcletett fia Sigmund, majd unok\u00e1i David \u00e9s Jonathan vett\u00e9k \u00e1t. A v\u00e1llalat\nhanyatl\u00e1s\u00e1t a f\u00e9nym\u00e1sol\u00f3g\u00e9pek elterjed\u00e9se okozta az 1970-es \u00e9vekben, m\u00e1ra\n\u00f6n\u00e1ll\u00f3s\u00e1ga megsz\u0171nt.\n\nA Gestetner csal\u00e1d csornai \u00e1g\u00e1nak sorsa tragikus v\u00e9get\n\u00e9rt 1945-ben. Az 1943-45. k\u00f6z\u00f6tti munkaszolg\u00e1lat, illetve deport\u00e1l\u00e1sok\nk\u00f6vetkezt\u00e9ben a csal\u00e1d 12 tagja vesz\u00edtette \u00e9let\u00e9t.\n\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A csornai Pr\u00e9postszer 1784-ben kelt ad\u00f3\u00f6ssze\u00edr\u00e1s\u00e1ban eml\u00edtik Salamon \u00c1brah\u00e1mot, akit 1788-ban m\u00e1r Leopoldus Gestettner vid. Salamon n\u00e9ven lajstromoztak. \u0150 az egyik legkor\u00e1bban Csorn\u00e1ra telepedett izraelita csal\u00e1dnak az els\u0151 ismert \u0151se.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":967,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"spay_email":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/gestetner.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/gestetner-david-portre-talalmannyal.jpg","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pbdO0P-fi","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gestetner.hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/948"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gestetner.hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gestetner.hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gestetner.hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gestetner.hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=948"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/gestetner.hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/948\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":966,"href":"https:\/\/gestetner.hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/948\/revisions\/966"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gestetner.hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/967"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gestetner.hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=948"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gestetner.hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=948"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gestetner.hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=948"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
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